Pada 4, Sutra 19 Sanskrit Verse Na tat svaabhaasam drshyatvaat Translation The mind is not self-luminous for it is perceptible. Interpretation Anything that can be perceived either externally or internally can be classified as an object of awareness. It implies that the light of awareness can be projected onto it to illuminate it and is therefore not self-luminous. As the mind and its fluctuations can become an object of awareness, it means that the Seer that eternally witn

Pada 4, Sutra 18 Sanskrit Verse Sadaa jnaataash citta-vrttayas tat-prabhoh purusasyaaparinaamitvaat Translation Due to the Self, the Purusha, the Master of the mind, being unchangeable, the mind’s fluctuations, the vrittis, are always known to it. Interpretation The Self is the Regent. It is the Witnessing Consciousness that give rise to awareness of movement within the mind. It is unaffected by either gross or subtle changes in one’s external or internal environments. Thi

Pada 4, Sutra 17 Sanskrit Verse Tad-uparaagaapeksitvaac cittasya vastu jnaataajnaatam Translation An object is known or unknown dependent on the conditionality of the consciousness. Interpretation The mind can only know an object when it is aware of it otherwise it remains unknown. The object becomes colored according to the conditionality of the consciousness that perceives it. An object can only be known as it truly is when the mind that perceives it drops all conditionalit

Pada 4, Sutra 16 Sanskrit Verse Na caika-citta-tantram vastu tad apramaanakam tadaa kim syaat Translation The object is not dependent on the perception of one single mind. Otherwise that object would be determined to be non-existent when that single mind was not perceiving it. Interpretation Objects exist in and of themselves, and are not dependent on a single mind perceiving them for their existence. That is the reality of the duality of subject (the perceiver) and object

Pada 4, Sutra 15 Sanskrit Verse Vastu-saamye citta-bhedaat tayor vibhaktah panthaah Translation Due to the difference of perception of different minds, the same object can appear different. Interpretation Mind and objects are independent from one other. There is the object that exists in space and time and the mind that perceives it. This also explains that we are in fact experiencing the world through both a subjective and objective manner. In the subjective sense we perc